Learning Outcomes / Ngā Whāinga Ako

1. Understand the relationship between cells, nuclei, chromosomes, genes, alleles and DNA.
2. Understand the role DNA plays in carrying instructions to the next generation and determining phenotype.
3. Understand the structure of DNA (double helix, nucleotide, sugar, phosphate, base, and the base pairing rule).
4. Understand that DNA contains the code for making proteins, and proteins are the building blocks for most of your body.
5. Understand variation in terms of it being continuous or not continuous.
6. Know and understand mitosis.
   • Why and where it occurs.
   • What happens to chromosome number and why.
   • The significance of the number of cells produced.
7. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction in terms of producing offspring that are genetically identical (clones).
8. Know and understand meiosis.
   • Why and where it occurs.
   • What happens to chromosome number and why.
   • The significance of the number of cells produced.
9. Understand how sexual reproduction produces new combinations of alleles.
10. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
11. Understand the importance of mutations in population variation and the importance of variation in a population to survive in a changing environment.
12. Understand and use the terms “genotype and phenotype”, “homozygous and heterozygous” and “dominant and recessive”.
13. Know how to carry out genetic crosses using punnet squares and determine genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
14. Know how to use pedigree charts to determine genotype and phenotype.
15. Understand how to use a ‘test cross’.

Slides / Ngā Kirita^🔗

1. Genetics Introduction (Slides)
2. Genes, Chromosomes and DNA (Slides)
3. Structure of DNA (Slides)
4. Genetic Crosses (Slides)
5. Types of Variation (Slides)
6. Assessment Tips (Slides)

Unit Plan / Mahere Kōwae